CARDHOLDERS WHO BELIEVE YOU HAVE DEBITED THEIR ACCOUNT WHEN YOU HAVEN'T
There are in most cases two stages to a card transaction - the first is gaining authorisation from the bank for the transaction on the card for the amount specified. The second is the submission of these authorised transactions to the bank for settlement. At the time that the card is authorised the available limit on the customers card account (either credit card account if a credit card or their bank account for debit cards) is reduced by the amount authorised. Once authorised you carry out additional checks in customer present environments - for example signature check, ensuring the card number printed matches the receipt etc. At this time you may reject the transaction due to the signature not matching or for any reason you are not happy about the transaction. In these circumstances the available limit will remain reduced on the customer's account and will automatically be increased again in a few days once the bank determines that funds against the authorisation code are not being taken.
A similar thing happens with regards Address Verification System checks and Card Security Code checks. These are the equivalent of a signature check on customer present transactions. The transaction is authorised by the bank (thus reducing the available credit) regardless of whether the address or card security code matches - but information on the outcome of these checks is passed back to you. You can then make a decision as to whether to accept the transaction or to reject it based on this additional information.